# Titles and Footnotes

A specific thing that {clinify} helps users with is the application of titles and footnotes to a document. In clinical tables, it’s common that you need to use the header and the footer of the word document to apply titles and footnotes. There are several functions available within {clinify} to help you here.

## Titles and Footnotes

Let’s look at an example:

    library(clinify)

    clintable(mtcars) |>
      clin_add_titles(
        list(
          c("Left", "Page {PAGE} of {NUMPAGES}"),
          c("Just the middle")
        )
      ) |>
      clin_add_footnotes(
        list(
          c(
            "Here's a footnote.",
            format(Sys.time(), "%H:%M %A, %B %d, %Y")
          )
        )
      )

Left | Page of
Just the middle

mpg | cyl | disp | hp | drat | wt | qsec | vs | am | gear | carb
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
21.0 | 6 | 160.0 | 110 | 3.90 | 2.620 | 16.46 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 4
21.0 | 6 | 160.0 | 110 | 3.90 | 2.875 | 17.02 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 4
22.8 | 4 | 108.0 | 93 | 3.85 | 2.320 | 18.61 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1
21.4 | 6 | 258.0 | 110 | 3.08 | 3.215 | 19.44 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1
18.7 | 8 | 360.0 | 175 | 3.15 | 3.440 | 17.02 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2
18.1 | 6 | 225.0 | 105 | 2.76 | 3.460 | 20.22 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1
14.3 | 8 | 360.0 | 245 | 3.21 | 3.570 | 15.84 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4
24.4 | 4 | 146.7 | 62 | 3.69 | 3.190 | 20.00 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 2
22.8 | 4 | 140.8 | 95 | 3.92 | 3.150 | 22.90 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 2
19.2 | 6 | 167.6 | 123 | 3.92 | 3.440 | 18.30 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 4
17.8 | 6 | 167.6 | 123 | 3.92 | 3.440 | 18.90 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 4
16.4 | 8 | 275.8 | 180 | 3.07 | 4.070 | 17.40 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3
17.3 | 8 | 275.8 | 180 | 3.07 | 3.730 | 17.60 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3
15.2 | 8 | 275.8 | 180 | 3.07 | 3.780 | 18.00 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3
10.4 | 8 | 472.0 | 205 | 2.93 | 5.250 | 17.98 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4

Here's a footnote. | 13:39 Monday, July 07, 2025

Both `clin_add_titles()` and `clin_add_footnotes()` take a list of character vectors. Each element of the list will be applied as a row of the title or footnote. The number of elements of the list determines how those elements are aligned:

- For a single element, in the titles it will be aligned center and in a footnote it will be bound left.
- Two elements will bind left and right

Note the text field `"Page {PAGE} of {NUMPAGES}"`. {clinify} has a special helper function `clin_replace_pagenums()` that will find cells within a flextable containing `{PAGE}` or `{NUMPAGES}` and replace them with the word auto field for current and total pages respectively. By default within {clinify} this actual takes places during the default styling functions (see `vignette("defaults")`). Note that when you print to HTML, the `{PAGE}` and `{NUMPAGES}` portions of the string will appear blank.

Another option for setting titles and footnotes is to create your own flextable object.

    clintable(mtcars) |>
      clin_add_titles(ft = flextable::flextable(head(iris, 2)))

Sepal.Length | Sepal.Width | Petal.Length | Petal.Width | Species
--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
5.1 | 3.5 | 1.4 | 0.2 | setosa
4.9 | 3.0 | 1.4 | 0.2 | setosa

mpg | cyl | disp | hp | drat | wt | qsec | vs | am | gear | carb
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
21.0 | 6 | 160.0 | 110 | 3.90 | 2.620 | 16.46 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 4
21.0 | 6 | 160.0 | 110 | 3.90 | 2.875 | 17.02 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 4
22.8 | 4 | 108.0 | 93 | 3.85 | 2.320 | 18.61 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1
21.4 | 6 | 258.0 | 110 | 3.08 | 3.215 | 19.44 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1
18.7 | 8 | 360.0 | 175 | 3.15 | 3.440 | 17.02 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2
18.1 | 6 | 225.0 | 105 | 2.76 | 3.460 | 20.22 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1
14.3 | 8 | 360.0 | 245 | 3.21 | 3.570 | 15.84 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4
24.4 | 4 | 146.7 | 62 | 3.69 | 3.190 | 20.00 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 2
22.8 | 4 | 140.8 | 95 | 3.92 | 3.150 | 22.90 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 2
19.2 | 6 | 167.6 | 123 | 3.92 | 3.440 | 18.30 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 4
17.8 | 6 | 167.6 | 123 | 3.92 | 3.440 | 18.90 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 4
16.4 | 8 | 275.8 | 180 | 3.07 | 4.070 | 17.40 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3
17.3 | 8 | 275.8 | 180 | 3.07 | 3.730 | 17.60 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3
15.2 | 8 | 275.8 | 180 | 3.07 | 3.780 | 18.00 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3
10.4 | 8 | 472.0 | 205 | 2.93 | 5.250 | 17.98 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4

While this particular example is obscure, this opens up the possibility to specifically craft your own title or footnote.

## Footnote Pages

Another circumstance that {clinify} allows for is the creation of a specific footnote pages. This can be used in circumstances where there are too many required footnotes for the table, and rather than putting in the footer you can place them into their own specific preceding page of the table itself. Also, note in this example that if you want to add a single left aligned title, you can provide duplicate text, which keeps the left alignment and merges the duplicate values.

    clintable(mtcars) |>
      clin_add_titles(
        list(
          c("Left", "Left"),
          c("Just the middle")
        )
      ) |>
      clin_add_footnotes(
        list(
          c(
            "Here's a footnote.",
            format(Sys.time(), "%H:%M %A, %B %d, %Y")
          )
        )
      ) |>
      clin_add_footnote_page(
        list(
          c("One very long footnote full of text"),
          c("Two very long footnote full of text"),
          c("Three very long footnote full of text"),
          c("Four very long footnote full of text"),
          c("Five very long footnote full of text")
        )
      )

Left
Just the middle

One very long footnote full of text
Two very long footnote full of text
Three very long footnote full of text
Four very long footnote full of text
Five very long footnote full of text

Here's a footnote. | 13:39 Monday, July 07, 2025

Left
Just the middle

mpg | cyl | disp | hp | drat | wt | qsec | vs | am | gear | carb
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
21.0 | 6 | 160.0 | 110 | 3.90 | 2.620 | 16.46 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 4
21.0 | 6 | 160.0 | 110 | 3.90 | 2.875 | 17.02 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 4
22.8 | 4 | 108.0 | 93 | 3.85 | 2.320 | 18.61 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 1
21.4 | 6 | 258.0 | 110 | 3.08 | 3.215 | 19.44 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1
18.7 | 8 | 360.0 | 175 | 3.15 | 3.440 | 17.02 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 2
18.1 | 6 | 225.0 | 105 | 2.76 | 3.460 | 20.22 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1
14.3 | 8 | 360.0 | 245 | 3.21 | 3.570 | 15.84 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4
24.4 | 4 | 146.7 | 62 | 3.69 | 3.190 | 20.00 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 2
22.8 | 4 | 140.8 | 95 | 3.92 | 3.150 | 22.90 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 2
19.2 | 6 | 167.6 | 123 | 3.92 | 3.440 | 18.30 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 4
17.8 | 6 | 167.6 | 123 | 3.92 | 3.440 | 18.90 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 4
16.4 | 8 | 275.8 | 180 | 3.07 | 4.070 | 17.40 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3
17.3 | 8 | 275.8 | 180 | 3.07 | 3.730 | 17.60 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3
15.2 | 8 | 275.8 | 180 | 3.07 | 3.780 | 18.00 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3
10.4 | 8 | 472.0 | 205 | 2.93 | 5.250 | 17.98 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 4

Here's a footnote. | 13:39 Monday, July 07, 2025

The interface to `clin_add_footnote_page()` is identical to `clin_add_titles()` and `clin_add_footnotes()`, so the same capabilities exist for this function as well.