# HTML Tables

#### Duncan Garmonsway

#### 2023-01-22

This vignette for the unpivotr package demonstrates unpivoting html tables of various kinds.

The HTML files are in the package directory at `system.file("extdata", c("rowspan.html", "colspan.html", "nested.html"), package = "unpivotr")`.

    library(dplyr)

    ##
    ## Attaching package: 'dplyr'

    ## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
    ##
    ##     filter, lag

    ## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
    ##
    ##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union

    library(rvest)
    library(htmltools)
    library(unpivotr)

## Rowspan and colspan examples

If a table has cells merged across rows or columns (or both), then `as_cells()` does not attempt to fill the cell contents across the rows or columns. This is different from other packages, e.g. `rvest`. However, if merged cells cause a table not to be square, then `as_cells()` pads the missing cells with blanks.

### Rowspan

    rowspan <- system.file("extdata", "rowspan.html", package = "unpivotr")
    includeHTML(rowspan)

HTML table with rowspan

Header (1:2, 1) | Header (1, 2)
--- | ---
cell (2, 2)

    # rvest
    rowspan %>%
      read_html() %>%
      html_table()

    ## [[1]]
    ## # A tibble: 1 × 2
    ##   `Header (1:2, 1)` `Header (1, 2)`
    ##   <chr>             <chr>
    ## 1 Header (1:2, 1)   cell (2, 2)

    # unpivotr
    rowspan %>%
      read_html() %>%
      as_cells()

    ## [[1]]
    ## # A tibble: 4 × 4
    ##     row   col data_type html
    ##   <int> <int> <chr>     <chr>
    ## 1     1     1 html      "<th rowspan=\"2\">Header (1:2, 1)</th>"
    ## 2     2     1 html       <NA>
    ## 3     1     2 html      "<th>Header (1, 2)</th>"
    ## 4     2     2 html      "<td>cell (2, 2)</td>"

### Colspan

    colspan <- system.file("extdata", "colspan.html", package = "unpivotr")
    includeHTML(colspan)

HTML table with colspan

Header (1, 1:2)
cell (2, 1) | cell (2, 2)

    # rvest
    colspan %>%
      read_html() %>%
      html_table()

    ## [[1]]
    ## # A tibble: 1 × 2
    ##   `Header (1, 1:2)` `Header (1, 1:2)`
    ##   <chr>             <chr>
    ## 1 cell (2, 1)       cell (2, 2)

    # unpivotr
    colspan %>%
      read_html() %>%
      as_cells()

    ## [[1]]
    ## # A tibble: 4 × 4
    ##     row   col data_type html
    ##   <int> <int> <chr>     <chr>
    ## 1     1     1 html      "<th colspan=\"2\">Header (1, 1:2)</th>"
    ## 2     2     1 html      "<td>cell (2, 1)</td>"
    ## 3     1     2 html       <NA>
    ## 4     2     2 html      "<td>cell (2, 2)</td>"

### Both rowspan and colspan: non-square

    rowandcolspan <- system.file("extdata",
                                 "row-and-colspan.html",
                                 package = "unpivotr")
    includeHTML(rowandcolspan)

HTML table with colspan

Header (1:2, 1:2) | Header (2, 3)
--- | ---
cell (3, 1) | cell (3, 2) | cell (3, 3)

    # rvest
    rowandcolspan %>%
      read_html() %>%
      html_table()

    ## [[1]]
    ## # A tibble: 1 × 5
    ##   `Header (1:2, 1:2)` `Header (1:2, 1:2)` `Header (2, 3)` ``          ``
    ##   <chr>               <chr>               <chr>           <chr>       <chr>
    ## 1 Header (1:2, 1:2)   Header (1:2, 1:2)   cell (3, 1)     cell (3, 2) cell (3, …

    # unpivotr
    rowandcolspan %>%
      read_html() %>%
      as_cells()

    ## [[1]]
    ## # A tibble: 10 × 4
    ##      row   col data_type html
    ##    <int> <int> <chr>     <chr>
    ##  1     1     1 html      "<th colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\">Header (1:2, 1:2)</th…
    ##  2     2     1 html       <NA>
    ##  3     1     2 html       <NA>
    ##  4     2     2 html       <NA>
    ##  5     1     3 html      "<th>Header (2, 3)</th>"
    ##  6     2     3 html      "<td>cell (3, 1)</td>"
    ##  7     1     4 html       <NA>
    ##  8     2     4 html      "<td>cell (3, 2)</td>"
    ##  9     1     5 html       <NA>
    ## 10     2     5 html      "<td>cell (3, 3)</td>"

## Nested example

`as_cells()` never descends into cells. If there is a table inside a cell, then to parse that table use `html_table` again on that cell.

    nested <- system.file("extdata", "nested.html", package = "unpivotr")
    includeHTML(nested)

Nested HTML table

Header (1, 1) | Header (1, 2)
--- | ---
cell (2, 1) |
Header (2, 2)(1, 1) | Header (2, 2)(1, 2)
--- | ---
cell (2, 2)(2, 1) | cell (2, 2)(2, 1)

    # rvest parses both tables
    nested %>%
      read_html() %>%
      html_table(fill = TRUE)

    ## [[1]]
    ## # A tibble: 3 × 6
    ##   `Header (1, 1)`     `Header (1, 2)`                    ``    ``    ``    ``
    ##   <chr>               <chr>                              <chr> <chr> <chr> <chr>
    ## 1 cell (2, 1)         "Header (2, 2)(1, 1)\n           … Head… Head… cell… cell…
    ## 2 Header (2, 2)(1, 1) "Header (2, 2)(1, 2)"              <NA>  <NA>  <NA>  <NA>
    ## 3 cell (2, 2)(2, 1)   "cell (2, 2)(2, 1)"                <NA>  <NA>  <NA>  <NA>
    ##
    ## [[2]]
    ## # A tibble: 1 × 2
    ##   `Header (2, 2)(1, 1)` `Header (2, 2)(1, 2)`
    ##   <chr>                 <chr>
    ## 1 cell (2, 2)(2, 1)     cell (2, 2)(2, 1)

    # unpivotr
    x <-
      nested %>%
      read_html() %>%
      as_cells() %>%
      .[[1]]
    x

    ## # A tibble: 4 × 4
    ##     row   col data_type html
    ##   <int> <int> <chr>     <chr>
    ## 1     1     1 html      "<th>Header (1, 1)</th>"
    ## 2     2     1 html      "<td>cell (2, 1)</td>"
    ## 3     1     2 html      "<th>Header (1, 2)</th>"
    ## 4     2     2 html      "<td>\n          <table>\n<tr>\n<th>Header (2, 2)(1, 1)…

    # The html of the table inside a cell
    cell <-
      x %>%
      dplyr::filter(row == 2, col == 2) %>%
      .$html
    cell

    ## [1] "<td>\n          <table>\n<tr>\n<th>Header (2, 2)(1, 1)</th>\n              <th>Header (2, 2)(1, 2)</th>\n            </tr>\n<tr>\n<td>cell (2, 2)(2, 1)</td>\n              <td>cell (2, 2)(2, 1)</td>\n            </tr>\n</table>\n</td>"

    # Parsing the table inside the cell
    cell %>%
      read_html() %>%
      as_cells()

    ## [[1]]
    ## # A tibble: 4 × 4
    ##     row   col data_type html
    ##   <int> <int> <chr>     <chr>
    ## 1     1     1 html      <th>Header (2, 2)(1, 1)</th>
    ## 2     2     1 html      <td>cell (2, 2)(2, 1)</td>
    ## 3     1     2 html      <th>Header (2, 2)(1, 2)</th>
    ## 4     2     2 html      <td>cell (2, 2)(2, 1)</td>

## URL example

A motivation for using `unpivotr::as_cells()` is that it extracts more than just text – it can extract whatever part of the HTML you need.

Here, we extract URLs.

    urls <- system.file("extdata", "url.html", package = "unpivotr")
    includeHTML(urls)

HTML table with rowspan

Scraping HTML.
Sweet | as? | Yeah, right.

    cell_url <- function(x) {
      if (is.na(x)) return(NA)
      x %>%
        read_html %>%
        html_nodes("a") %>%
        html_attr("href")
    }

    cell_text <- function(x) {
      if (is.na(x)) return(NA)
      x %>%
        read_html %>%
        html_nodes("a") %>%
        html_text()
    }

    urls %>%
      read_html() %>%
      as_cells() %>%
      .[[1]] %>%
      mutate(text = purrr::map(html, cell_text),
             url = purrr::map(html, cell_url)) %>%
      tidyr::unnest(text, url)

    ## Warning: unnest() has a new interface. See ?unnest for details.
    ## Try `df %>% unnest(c(text, url))`, with `mutate()` if needed

    ## # A tibble: 8 × 6
    ##     row   col data_type html                                         text  url
    ##   <int> <int> <chr>     <chr>                                        <chr> <chr>
    ## 1     1     1 html      "<td colspan=\"2\">\n<a href=\"https://www.… Scra… http…
    ## 2     1     1 html      "<td colspan=\"2\">\n<a href=\"https://www.… HTML. http…
    ## 3     2     1 html      "<td><a href=\"https://cran.r-project.org/\… Sweet http…
    ## 4     1     2 html       <NA>                                        <NA>  <NA>
    ## 5     2     2 html      "<td><a href=\"https://cran.r-project.org/p… as?   http…
    ## 6     1     3 html       <NA>                                        <NA>  <NA>
    ## 7     2     3 html      "<td>\n<a href=\"https://cran.r-project.org… Yeah, http…
    ## 8     2     3 html      "<td>\n<a href=\"https://cran.r-project.org… righ… http…